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太陽能組件
太陽能電池(chi)組件定義(yi)：
單(dan)體太(tai)陽電(dian)池(chi)不能直(zhi)接(jie)做電(dian)源(yuan)使(shi)用。作電(dian)源(yuan)必(bi)須將若(ruo)干(gan)單(dan)體電(dian)池(chi)串、并聯(lian)連接(jie)和嚴密(mi)封裝成組件。太(tai)陽能電(dian)
池組(zu)件(jian)（也叫太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池板、光伏組(zu)件(jian)）是(shi)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統中的核心部分，也是(shi)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統中重(zhong)要的部分。其作用(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)為電(dian)能(neng)(neng)，或(huo)送(song)往蓄電(dian)池中存(cun)儲起(qi)來，或(huo)推動負(fu)載(zai)工作。太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)的質量(liang)和成(cheng)本將(jiang)直接決定整個系(xi)統的質量(liang)和成(cheng)本。
太陽能(neng)組(zu)件原理(li)簡介：
1、太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)轉換器是太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池，又稱(cheng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原理是光(guang)(guang)生伏(fu)打(da)(da)效應 。當太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)射(she)在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池上時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池吸收光(guang)(guang)能(neng)，產(chan)生光(guang)(guang)生電(dian)(dian)子-空(kong)穴對 。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)建電(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)下，光(guang)(guang)生電(dian)(dian)子和空(kong)穴被分離(li)，電(dian)(dian)池兩端出(chu)現異號(hao)電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)積(ji)累，即產(chan)生“光(guang)(guang)生電(dian)(dian)壓”，這(zhe)(zhe)就是“光(guang)(guang)生伏(fu)打(da)(da)效應” 。若在(zai)內(nei)建電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)兩側引(yin)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)極并接上負載(zai)(zai)，則負載(zai)(zai)就有“光(guang)(guang)生電(dian)(dian)流”流過，從而獲得功率輸出(chu) 。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)，太(tai)(tai)陽的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)能(neng)就直接變(bian)成了(le)可以使用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)；
2、在相(xiang)同的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下，光照(zhao)強(qiang)度對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)的(de)(de)影響：光照(zhao)強(qiang)度越(yue)(yue)大，太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)的(de)(de)開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流越(yue)(yue)大，大輸出功(gong)率也越(yue)(yue)大 ，同時可以看(kan)出開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨輻照(zhao)強(qiang)度的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)不如短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流隨輻照(zhao)強(qiang)度的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)明顯；
3、在相(xiang)同的(de)光(guang)照強度(du)下，溫度(du)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池板的(de)影響(xiang)：當太陽能電(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)高時(shi)，其(qi)輸出開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)壓隨溫度(du)明(ming)顯減小，短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)略有升(sheng)(sheng)高，總趨勢(shi)是大輸出功率變小。
太陽(yang)(yang)能交流發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)是由太陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制器、逆變器和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池共同組(zu)成(cheng)；太陽(yang)(yang)能直流發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)則不包括(kuo)逆變器。為了使(shi)太陽(yang)(yang)能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)能為負載提供(gong)足夠的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，就(jiu)要根據(ju)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的功率(lv)，合(he)理選(xuan)擇各部件。下面以100W輸出功率(lv)，每天使(shi)用6個小時為例(li)，介(jie)紹一下計算(suan)方法：
1、首先應計算出(chu)每天(tian)消耗的(de)瓦時(shi)(shi)數(包括逆(ni)變器的(de)損耗)：若逆(ni)變器的(de)轉換效率為(wei)(wei)90%，則當輸(shu)出(chu)功率為(wei)(wei)100W時(shi)(shi)，則實際需要輸(shu)出(chu)功率應為(wei)(wei)100W/90%=111W；若按每天(tian)使用5小時(shi)(shi)，則耗電(dian)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)111W*5小時(shi)(shi)=555Wh；
2、計算太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)：按每日(ri)有效(xiao)日(ri)照時間(jian)為(wei)6小(xiao)時計算，再考慮到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的損耗(hao)，太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)的輸出功(gong)率應(ying)為(wei)555Wh/6h/70%=130W。其中(zhong)70%是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)的實際使用功(gong)率。
太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能電池板組(zu)(zu)件(jian)是由高轉換(huan)效率的單片太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)電池、抗(kang)(kang)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)EVA膠(jiao)膜、高透光(guang)率低鐵鋼化(hua)(hua)玻璃(li)和由氟塑(su)料、滌綸(lun)復合而成的Tedlar(TPT)背(bei)膜組(zu)(zu)成。這些元件(jian)在真空(kong)下(xia)加熱(re)層壓成為一個整體(ti)(ti)，后經安裝(zhuang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)極(ji)化(hua)(hua)防腐(fu)鋁(lv)合金(jin)邊框(kuang)和接線盒，成為組(zu)(zu)件(jian)成品。具有效率高、壽命長、安裝(zhuang)方便(bian)、抗(kang)(kang)風、抗(kang)(kang)冰雹(bao)能力等特性。集(ji)多種優勢于一體(ti)(ti)的太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能板。
