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太陽能組件
太(tai)陽能電池組件(jian)定義：
單體太陽(yang)電(dian)池不能直接做電(dian)源(yuan)使(shi)用。作(zuo)電(dian)源(yuan)必須將若干單體電(dian)池串、并(bing)聯連接和嚴(yan)密封裝成(cheng)組(zu)件。太陽(yang)能電(dian)
池組件(jian)（也叫太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電池板、光伏組件(jian)）是太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能發電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的核心部分(fen)，也是太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能發電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)重要的部分(fen)。其(qi)作(zuo)用是將太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能轉化(hua)為電能，或送往蓄電池中(zhong)存(cun)儲起(qi)來，或推動負(fu)載(zai)工作(zuo)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電池組件(jian)的質(zhi)量和(he)成本將直接決定整(zheng)個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的質(zhi)量和(he)成本。
太陽(yang)能組件原理簡介：
1、太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量轉換器是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，又(you)稱光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理是(shi)光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)(fu)打效應 。當(dang)太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)照射在(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)吸收光(guang)(guang)能(neng)，產生(sheng)光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子-空(kong)穴對 。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)下，光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子和空(kong)穴被分離，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩(liang)端出現異號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)積累，即產生(sheng)“光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”，這就(jiu)是(shi)“光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)(fu)打效應” 。若在(zai)內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)側(ce)引出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極并接上(shang)負載，則負載就(jiu)有“光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流”流過，從而獲得功率(lv)輸出 。這樣，太(tai)(tai)陽的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)能(neng)就(jiu)直(zhi)接變成了可(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)；
2、在相同的(de)溫(wen)度下，光(guang)照強(qiang)度對電(dian)池(chi)板的(de)影(ying)響：光(guang)照強(qiang)度越(yue)大，太陽能電(dian)池(chi)板的(de)開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓和(he)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流越(yue)大，大輸出(chu)(chu)功率也越(yue)大 ，同時(shi)可以看出(chu)(chu)開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓隨輻照強(qiang)度的(de)變化(hua)不(bu)如短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流隨輻照強(qiang)度的(de)變化(hua)明顯；
3、在相(xiang)同的(de)光照強度(du)下，溫(wen)度(du)對電池(chi)板的(de)影響：當太(tai)陽(yang)能電池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)升(sheng)高(gao)時，其輸(shu)出開(kai)路(lu)電壓隨溫(wen)度(du)明顯減(jian)小，短路(lu)電流略有升(sheng)高(gao)，總(zong)趨勢是(shi)大(da)輸(shu)出功率(lv)變小。
太陽(yang)(yang)能交流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)是由太陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)池組件(jian)、充電(dian)控制器、逆變器和(he)蓄電(dian)池共同組成；太陽(yang)(yang)能直流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)則不包括逆變器。為了使(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)能為負載提供(gong)足夠的電(dian)源(yuan)，就(jiu)要根據用電(dian)器的功率，合理選擇各部件(jian)。下面以100W輸(shu)出功率，每天(tian)使(shi)(shi)用6個小時為例，介紹一下計(ji)算方法：
1、首(shou)先應(ying)計算(suan)出每天(tian)消(xiao)耗的(de)瓦時數(包括逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)的(de)損耗)：若逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)的(de)轉換效率為90%，則(ze)當輸出功(gong)率為100W時，則(ze)實際需要輸出功(gong)率應(ying)為100W/90%=111W；若按每天(tian)使用5小(xiao)時，則(ze)耗電量為111W*5小(xiao)時=555Wh；
2、計算(suan)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)(jian)：按每日(ri)有效(xiao)日(ri)照時間(jian)為6小時計算(suan)，再考慮到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)和充電(dian)(dian)過程中的損(sun)耗(hao)，太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)(jian)的輸出功率(lv)應為555Wh/6h/70%=130W。其(qi)中70%是充電(dian)(dian)過程中，太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)(jian)的實際使(shi)用功率(lv)。
太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)板組(zu)(zu)(zu)件是由高(gao)轉換效率(lv)的單片太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)電池(chi)(chi)、抗(kang)老化(hua)EVA膠膜(mo)、高(gao)透(tou)光率(lv)低鐵鋼化(hua)玻璃和由氟塑料、滌綸復(fu)合而成(cheng)的Tedlar(TPT)背膜(mo)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。這(zhe)些元件在真空(kong)下加熱層壓成(cheng)為(wei)一個整體，后(hou)經安裝陽(yang)極化(hua)防腐鋁(lv)合金(jin)邊框和接線(xian)盒(he)，成(cheng)為(wei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件成(cheng)品。具有效率(lv)高(gao)、壽(shou)命長(chang)、安裝方便、抗(kang)風、抗(kang)冰雹能力等特性(xing)。集多種優勢于一體的太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能板。
