太陽能電池組(zu)件定義:
單(dan)體太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)電池不能直接做電源使用(yong)。作電源必(bi)須將若干單(dan)體電池串、并聯(lian)連(lian)接和嚴密封裝成組件。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電
池組件(jian)(也(ye)叫太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池板、光伏組件(jian))是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)核心部分,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)部分。其作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)轉化為電(dian)能(neng)(neng),或(huo)送往蓄電(dian)池中存儲起來,或(huo)推動負載工作(zuo)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池組件(jian)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和成本將(jiang)直接決(jue)定整個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和成本。
太陽能組件原理簡介:
1、太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)轉換器是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),又(you)稱光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理是(shi)光(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)打效應 。當太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)射在太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)吸收光(guang)能(neng),產生(sheng)光(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)-空穴(xue)對(dui) 。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用下,光(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)和空穴(xue)被分離,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩端出現異號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累(lei),即產生(sheng)“光(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”,這就是(shi)“光(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)打效應” 。若在內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)兩側引出電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并接(jie)上負載(zai),則負載(zai)就有“光(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流”流過(guo),從而獲得(de)功率輸(shu)出 。這樣,太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)能(neng)就直接(jie)變成了可以使用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng);
2、在相同的(de)(de)(de)溫度下,光(guang)照強度對電(dian)(dian)池板的(de)(de)(de)影響:光(guang)照強度越大(da),太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)池板的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓和短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da),大(da)輸出功率(lv)也越大(da) ,同時可以看出開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓隨輻照強度的(de)(de)(de)變化不如短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)隨輻照強度的(de)(de)(de)變化明(ming)顯;
3、在相同(tong)的(de)(de)光照強度(du)下,溫(wen)度(du)對(dui)電池板的(de)(de)影響:當太陽能電池的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)升高時,其輸(shu)出(chu)開路電壓隨溫(wen)度(du)明顯減小,短路電流(liu)略有(you)升高,總趨勢(shi)是大(da)輸(shu)出(chu)功率變小。
太(tai)陽(yang)能交流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)系統是(shi)由太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)、充電(dian)控制器(qi)、逆(ni)變器(qi)和蓄電(dian)池共(gong)同組(zu)成;太(tai)陽(yang)能直流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)系統則不(bu)包括逆(ni)變器(qi)。為了使(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能發(fa)電(dian)系統能為負(fu)載(zai)提供足夠的電(dian)源(yuan),就要根據用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)的功率(lv),合(he)理選擇(ze)各(ge)部(bu)件(jian)。下(xia)面以100W輸(shu)出功率(lv),每天使(shi)用(yong)6個小時為例,介紹一下(xia)計算方法:
1、首先應計算出(chu)每(mei)天消耗的(de)瓦(wa)時(shi)數(shu)(包括逆變(bian)器的(de)損(sun)耗):若(ruo)逆變(bian)器的(de)轉換效率為90%,則(ze)當(dang)輸出(chu)功率為100W時(shi),則(ze)實際需(xu)要輸出(chu)功率應為100W/90%=111W;若(ruo)按每(mei)天使用(yong)5小時(shi),則(ze)耗電量為111W*5小時(shi)=555Wh;
2、計(ji)算太(tai)陽能電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)(jian):按每日有(you)效日照時間為6小時計(ji)算,再考慮到(dao)充電(dian)效率和(he)充電(dian)過程中的損耗,太(tai)陽能電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)(jian)的輸出(chu)功率應為555Wh/6h/70%=130W。其中70%是(shi)充電(dian)過程中,太(tai)陽能電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)(jian)的實際使用功率。
太陽能(neng)電池(chi)板組件是由高轉換效(xiao)率(lv)的單片太陽電池(chi)、抗(kang)老化(hua)EVA膠膜、高透光(guang)率(lv)低(di)鐵鋼化(hua)玻璃和由氟(fu)塑料、滌綸(lun)復合(he)而成(cheng)(cheng)的Tedlar(TPT)背膜組成(cheng)(cheng)。這些(xie)元件在真空下加(jia)熱層(ceng)壓成(cheng)(cheng)為一個整體,后經安裝(zhuang)陽極化(hua)防腐鋁合(he)金(jin)邊框和接線盒,成(cheng)(cheng)為組件成(cheng)(cheng)品。具有效(xiao)率(lv)高、壽(shou)命長、安裝(zhuang)方便、抗(kang)風、抗(kang)冰雹能(neng)力(li)等特性。集多種優(you)勢于一體的太陽能(neng)板。